Monday, September 30, 2019
Two Reviews of Angela Davis
Two Reviews of Angela Davis’ Women Race and Class (1983) By: Brittany Turnbull I. The Reviews a. Amy Winter [Women Race and Class] Off Our Backs, January-February Issue (2005) pp48-49 b. Ann Russo [Book Review]Women Studies International Forum, Volume 6, Number 2 (1983) pp249 II. Summary of Reviews a. Winter, Off Our Backs The reviewer focused on the different parts of history of the African American woman as well as the history of all women as a whole. She broke up the review by discussing each chapter to coincide with Davis’ break up of her book and focused on the important details of each chapter that she found Davis had brought out. Winter doesn’t offer much opinion within her review because she mainly sticks to the fact that the book is written about oppression of African American women and African American people and she mainly describes exactly what Davis wrote. However, Winter did offer some criticism when Davis had written about how women working in the factories and doing hard labor was more interesting than doing house work. Winter found that there was no difference because either way something needed to be cleaned. One just reaped the benefits of a paycheck while the other did not. This was a good and thorough review because not only did it look at the whole book but it looked at each individual chapter and the main points within each chapter. b. Russo, Women Studies International Forum There is a different approach to this review because it is basically an analysis of what Davis’ theme or overall meaning of the book was. Russo described the book in the sense that the book wasn’t about oppression of Black women or Black people. It was about comparing the Black women to White women the overall sexist oppression that they both had to overcome and still are overcoming. Russo described this book as a being a feminist book about feminism as a whole and the revolution of all women. There was no discussion about the history of oppression that Black women had to live with over time or anything along those lines. There was not mention of historical figures as well. This review was good in the sense that it was an analysis of the overall idea of the book, however I feel that Russo was completely wrong in her analysis. She failed to realize the exact struggles and the exact differences between White and Black women. She also failed to realize that the use of White women within the text was to compare how much more difficult Black women had had it over White women in terms of the sexual and racial discrimination that Black women have had to encounter and attempt to overcome throughout history.
Sunday, September 29, 2019
Formative assessment Essay
â€Å"We use the general term assessment to refer to all those activities undertaken by teachers  and by their students in assessing themselves  that provide information to be used as feedback to modify teaching and learning activities. Such assessment becomes formative assessment when the evidence is actually used to adapt the teaching to meet student needs†. Black, P. & Wiliam, D. The purpose of the educational process focus on students’ learning, and when students use what has been taught in real life situations, then it can be said that the students are learning and that the objective is being achieved. But, can a test determine this in a classroom? Can I state that my students are learning based on a multiple choice test at the end of a unit? The answers of these questions may vary according to the type of teaching method a person uses. If this person uses a traditional teaching method that only seeks learners’ knowledge accumulation, then he or she could say â€Å"yes†. However, as times have changed and the ways in which people conceive the educational process have changed too, I consider that it is necessary to restate the way in which students are assessed and focus more on students’ performance in order to promote learning and involve them in their own learning process through the use of formative assessment rather than traditional or summative assessment whose aim lies on testing knowledge. Therefore, if a student takes a test and when he receives his score in terms of numbers or letters and he sees a bad grade, it can give him a negative emotional impact that could discourage him from continuing learning, and the next time he takes a test he will do it just for the sake of getting a good score. So, How about learning? Did it happen? In this situation my answer is an absolutely no! For the reasons above, it is important to apply a different assessment with a formative function that according to Nicol and Macfarlane-Dick (2005) aids learning by generating feedback information that is of benefit to students and to teachers. Feedback on performance, in class or on assignments, facilitates students to restructure their understanding/skills and build more powerful ideas and capabilities. This kind of assessment is called Formative assessment. With this form of assessment, teachers concentrate more on the how students learn and what they need to learn. Therefore, in this sort of assessment it is not only fill in the gaps with the correct words or match the sentences with the correct answer and you will get 5 points or an excellent grade, but let’s do this project, let’s carry out this task, how will you solve this problem? What do you think about this? And some other activities in which students can learn by doing. But most important of all, is that students receive a positive feedback about what to improve and change, to have a better performance in the upcoming assignments. As Shepard, (2008) states, what makes formative assessment formative is that it is immediately used to make adjustments so as to form new learning†Through the use of formative assessment students understand their own learning and develop appropriate strategies for learning to learn, also they build skills for peer – and self-assessment, and they get actively involved in their own learning process rather than merely absorbing information as in a traditional or summative assessment. Taking everything into consideration, it is my opinion that teachers focus more on students’ performance through the use formative assessment, so learners can develop the patterns of thoughts they need to achieve and be aware of their learning goals, and as students move forward in their learning, they can use personal knowledge to construct meaning, have skills of self-monitoring to realize that they don’t understand something, and have ways of deciding what to do next. Earl, Lorna. (2003). REFERENCES Black, P. & Wiliam, D. (1998). Inside the Black Box: Raising standards through classroom assessment, King’s College, London. Earl, Lorna. (2003). Assessment As Learning: Using classroom assessment to maximize student learning. Experts in assessment series, Corwin Press Inc. , Thousand Oaks, California. Nicol, David; Macfarlane-Dick, Debra (2005). Rethinking Formative Assessment in HE: a theoretical model and seven principles of good feedback practice. Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education. Shepard, Lorrie A. 2005. The Future of Assessment: Shaping Teaching and Learning, New York.
Saturday, September 28, 2019
Cfd Modeling of in-Cylinder Flow of A Diesel Engine
Three-d path counts of the confirmation and stress stroke of a 4-valve direct-mixture Diesel motor have been completed with a tremendous amount of ignition chambers. a hard and fast number of endorsement calculations of the stress stroke were to start with performed retaining up at the high of the priority record the tip expectation to research the cutoff components of CFD delineation of the in-barrel circulate. The figured development subject in three character ignition masses became differentiated and laser Doppler velocimetry estimations; the connection famous that the 3-D model is sensibly awesome for wrench focuses spherical pinnacle flawlessly centered (TDC). In all possibility, it performs extra for low whirl ignition chambers on the identical time turbulence paces are under foreseen while squish consequences are everyday. In the guiding precept look at, the flow highlights in the motor barrel prepared with extra than a pair chamber arrangements were taken a gander at. For this, entire estimations of the affirmation and weight strokes were achieved below wise running prerequisites and the outfit watched the middle valued at of rate and turbulence dissemination fields obtained in each and each smoldering chamber explored in element of interest. The results verified that the chamber geometry had little have an impact on the in-barrel flow within the center of the affirmation stroke and the preparatory duration of the nervousness stroke. Be that as it's putting off to, the dish form take delivery of a chief stage close TDC and within the early phase of the advancement stroke via controlling each the social affair touched base at the midpoint of infer and the turbulence % fields. An element of the greatest moves in barrel development is using a big amount barrel "tops" or "crowns," the degree that enters t he ignition chamber and is subjected to blazing. truly, on the equal time as more skilled barrel tops were for possible the best discipline focus, quite a variety of now incorporate bowls on apex which have an effect on clever has an have an effect on at the ignition strategy. The barrel dish is certainly used as an aspect of diesel motors. Diesels could now not have an ignition diploma, so the barrel crown it needs to outline the ignition chamber. These automobiles with the marketing consultant of and huge make utilization of chambers with in another way formed crowns, rather than truth that children that with direct implantation becoming little by little unmistakable, gasoline vehicles are establishing to make usage of them as precise. The kingdom of the chamber dish controls the development of air what's extra, gasoline in mild of the fact that the barrel comes up for the anxiety stroke. The air and fuel spin directly right into a vortex within the chamber dish some time as of now smoldering happens, making an unequalled combination via impacting the air/fuel mixture, you could additionally finish better what's greater splendid, greater important ignition, which actuates greater electricity. The dishes have a aggregate of splendid shapes; a couple are additionally laid out to beef up productivity. With direct implantation reworking into likely the most excessive bursting new advancement for gasoline vehicles, assume terribly played chambers to come to be being an increasing quantity of requirements. In short direct-mixture Diesel vehicles, the go with the go with the flow stipulations amid the chamber within the course of the quit of the strain stroke, near apex lifeless belief, aren't weird. For the ignition fram ework those are directed via the air spilling into the chamber with the aid of using the confirmation valves in the path of the activation contraption and by its change inside the midst of the burden stroke. Multiple researchers were that specialize in barrel geometry influencing the movement spread of diesel motor. This degree reviews the sooner distributed summary works, which lays the association and motive for extra work on this count on. This makes an alternate to provide a well-known identifying with recognize to the field additionally is going about whilst uncertain for this conviction. The impacts established that the barrel geometry had little have an effect on the in-chamber path inside the middle of the confirmation stroke and the preparatory period of the nervousness stroke. Be that as it's far warding off to, the dish form count on a important section close TDC and inside the early location of the enlargement stroke with the beneficial asset of controlling each the outfit touched base on the midpoint of advocate and the turbulence speed fields. Their belongings constructed up those estimations definitely underneath expected the turbulence pace. They cleared up the differences with the valuable asset of blunders all through the trial getting to know and the imprisonments of the commonplace k–Ɇº version. Dillies et al. excessively confirmed equal counts of a Diesel motor with one confirmation valve for one blazing chamber, and for this block impacts differentiated sensibly pleasantly and the examinations. From the review of composing, it may be visible that, layout of inlet excessive association and chamber geometry is crucial in an IC motor. Hereafter, this investigate move-check looks upward at the have an effect on of helical-winding merged connection with a remarkable collection of chamber plans at the impelled suggest spin percent within the barrel dish at TDC, whirl rate within the direction of suction and strain stroke, turbulent factor energy style and volumetric productivity at motor pace one thousand rpm. The approach obtained for the reward work is as takes after. Direction by way of the admission complex is reenacted to think of the in chamber circulation area amid non-responding conditions, which incorporates the accompanying strides: Preprocessor for essentially the most phases entails the making of primary 3D model, matrix technology and settling of the limit stipulations. Demonstrating and lattice is finished in ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 for finishing the pass section. The term is relied upon to examine the capacity of making use of CFD instrument for configuration and streamlining of engine cylinder geometry. The business CFD code ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 is utilized for the investigation of circulates. The CFD bundle incorporates customer interfaces to information limitation parameters and to appear at the results. The code comprises three add-ons                        Figure: Geometric model of internal combustion engine manifold Two methodologies are utilized in Fluent 14.5 to fathom incylinder disorders, in designated, 1/2 breed strategy and layering procedure. At the same time the 1/2 breed methodology is utilized for engines with inclined valves like most SI engines, the layering methodology is on the whole utilized for engines with vertical valves like almost always diesel engines. For both strategy said above, in-chamber problems explained in Fluent incorporate of three phases. The predominant stage is to break down the geometry into quite a lot of zones and work them legitimately. By means of setting apart the mannequin into various zones, it's imaginable to use diverse lattice action methods to more than a few locales in a solitary undertaking. The 2d stage is to setup the engine case inside Fluent with the help of a setup diary. The third stage is to perform a transient in-barrel endeavor. The computational subject contains consumption ports and valves, the barrel and the cylinder dish. The number of cells alterations from 0.5 million cells in TDC, to 1.6 million cells in bottom dead centre (BDC). Considering the computational discipline is peculiarly perplexing, made from various zones with various topologies, each zone has been match independently. This method is particularly precious to acquire a satisfactory fine network and to cut down just about the lattice time. The network of the specific sub-areas is assured through approach of discretionary interfaces those accomplice ordinary countenances of contiguous zones. Both admission conduits had been match after a related topology, the cells are organized in the circulate heading and they're joined with a barrel formed organized lattice in the zone upstream of the valves. The cross part over the valves has been developed via transformation of a prepared lattice subject. Amid the stress stroke, as soon as the admission valves are shut, the admission ports sub domains are disengaged from the calculations, in order that amazing the burning chamber is viewed.            Figure: Cell zone nomenclature and mesh boundary There are particularly three conditions we settle in computational liquid elements quandary. They are Continuity condition, power state of affairs and electricity condition. The flow into of most liquids is probably broke down numerically by the utilization of two situations. The two with, customarily alluded to due to the fact the Continuity Equation, calls for that the mass of liquid getting into an altered manipulate quantity both leaves that volume or gathers interior it. It’s therefore a "mass equalization" necessity postured in numerical form, and is a scalar state of affairs. the opposite administering situation is the Momentum Equation, or Navier-Stokes , and likely regarded as a "power equalization". Regular pressure is applied as limit circumstance at every the admission and the air waft programs. Append limits are indicated on the correspondent phone face almost the cells above/underneath the valve. No slip divider restriction alongside logarithmic regulation of divider is utilized. Dividers are suggestion to be adiabatic. The turbulent kinetic energy equation can be written as- This mannequin was decided and tuned for Flows with excessive Reynolds numbers. This implies it's suited for streams where the turbulence is close to iso-tropic and is ideal to streams where the vitality direction continues in neighborhood concord as for era. The turbulent kinetic energy levels during the compression and suction for the three different pistons can be shown as-                                                                Figure: Turbulent analysis for piston A                                                                                   Figure: Turbulent analysis for piston B                        Figure: Turbulent analysis for piston C The kind of Turbulent Kinetic vigor with wrench region at 3000 rpm for a number of cylinders. it's far watched that the cylinder design impacts the turbulence of the liquid in the chamber. It achieves the crest esteem amid the greatest valve open. The sort of TKE is surely due to various degree of air incited thru the delta elaborate. The dispersal of KE is with the useful resource of advantage of stepped forward liquid motion. Figure: Efficiency analysis for the three pistons The consequences from the airing and CFD reproduction the use of FLUENT programming are regarded and examined. Outcomes are appeared in term of diagrams for the replica effects for pressure dissemination, temperature dispersion and speed. The moving lattice is produced by using DYNAMIC MESH schedule, a moving flow component module in FLUENT. In engine operation, valves and the cylinder pass, so the bypass element have got to transport as indicated by means of the use of the precise engine to reenact the fee of valve and cylinder characteristic with wrench issue. Cylinder and cylinder dish development are selected with the resource of the stroke, associating pole and wrench factor. Calculations starts at 360 0 CA and closures at 720 0  CA. An icy movement exam is finished consequently. Icy waft reenactments for IC cars can offer great define data to engineers. these reproductions maintain in thoughts they have an impact on volume proficiency, whirl and tumble traits to be expected taking into account adjustments in port and burning chamber outline, valve elevate timing, or fantastic parameters. Pressure appropriation, temperature appropriation are plotted in the direction of the time business enterprise for special instances. Examine that each addition of a duration step is equivalents to an augmentation of 0.25 ° of wrench element. Cylinder begins from TDC round zero stages and the greatest pressure includes at 360 degree. Closer to the start of burning after the ignitions expand there can be a surprising change of slant of the p-ÃŽ ¸ bend. The load rises swiftly for a couple wrench point levels, and later on actions step by step closer to crest esteem. The best pressure and end of stress stroke is 60 bars and temperature is 985 ok. Figure: Pressure variation vs. the crank position Twirl and tumble proportions are for the most phase characterized as the percentage of the rakish drive of the in barrel circulation about each and every of the three orthogonal tomahawks. It's standardized in opposition to the identical fuel pivoting as robust physique the equal tomahawks at wrench pace. The ordinary thing system for identifying these percentage is, first the focal factor of the burning chamber is resolved. At that factor the X, Y and Z are eaten with the birthplace of the focal factor of the mass. The Z hub is characterized as being parallel to the road of cylinder movement. The Y pivot is characterized as reverse to Z and parallel to focal pivot of the channel difficult. At lengthy final, the X hub is characterized as reverse to Y and Z.                   Figure: Swirl ratio for three different pistons configuration The TR with CADs at 1000 rpm engine %. appeared in this research amid suction furthermore, strain strokes. it's watched that the TR proportion changes its size (positive to terrible or the alternative path round) demonstrating not unusual air development alters its direction amid entire cycle with CADs. The needs in the back of this will be: It shows greater suitable the tumble movement, frequently the turbulent engine vitality discharged amid its separate closer to the pinnacle of pressure stroke. Likewise, it facilitates in more turbulence stages on the season of ignition.           Figure: Tumble ratio vs. the crank location Increase of any inward ignition engine is driven simply with the resource of gas talent and outflow necessities. This calls for refinement of the in-chamber circulate, combination association what is more, burning strategies. Outline streamlining of the intake/fritter away port, valves and cylinder dish is vital to determine it out the aforementioned requirements. The utilization of Computational Liquid Dynamics along streamlining devices can present assistance abbreviate the configuration streamlining technique duration. Usual methodology of investigations utilizing circulate seat testing is unreasonable and moreover tedious. Furthermore CFD lets in knowledge into the second one go with the flow subtle factors which maximum generally typically are not capture utilizing movement seat checks. Air movement at some point of the admission complex is one of the important factors, which oversee the engine execution and emanation of multi-barrel diesel cars. Because of this from the writing consider a Helical-winding mixture intake complicated is regarded. The geometry of the cylinder increases the air motion toward the quit of pressure stroke. On this assume work, the internal flow trademark inside the burning council of a diesel engine is examined computationally for the numerous cylinder arrangements.  Amorim, F., Ribeiro, J., Vaz, M., & Valle, R. (2014). Bai, J., Wang, Q., He, Z., & Zhang, P. (2013). Bari, S. & Saad, I. (2013). CFD modelling of the effect of guide vane swirl and tumble device to generate better in-cylinder air flow in a CI engine fuelled by biodiesel. D'Errico, G. & Onorati, A. (2006). Dhale, A., Awari, G., & Singh, M. (2010). Analysis of internal combustion engine with a new concept of porous medium combustion for the future clean engine. Experimental and CFD Analysis of Combustion in Diesel Engine for Various Ethanol-Diesel Blends. (2016). Fujimoto, H. (1995). A study on the formation of vertical vortex in the cylinder of an I.C. Fujimoto, H. (1995). A Study on the Formation of Vertical Vortex in the Cylinder of an I.C. Harshavardhan, B. & Mallikarjuna, J. (2013). Harshavardhan, B. & Mallikarjuna, J. (2013). Harshavardhan, B. & Mallikarjuna, J. (2015). Hori, H. (1995). CFD In-Cylinder Flow Simulation of a Engine and the Flow Visualization. JSAE Review, 16(1), 105. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0389-4304(95)94802-t. Intake Manifold Flow Assessment on a 3-cylinder Natural Aspirated Downsized Engine Using CFD and GT-SUITE. (2016). International Journal Of Engineering, 29(2). Kubota, M., Tokuda, S., & Noguchi, Y. (2016). Development of CFD Inverse Analysis Technology Using the Transient Adjoint Method and Its Application to Engine In-Cylinder Flow.
Friday, September 27, 2019
The high level of corruption in central and eastern Europe Essay
The high level of corruption in central and eastern Europe - Essay Example In relation, this essay will try to explain the high level of corruption in Central and Eastern Europe. The discussion will tackle the reasons of the social problem. It will also include the methods that to be adopted in dealing with corruption. Corruption is indeed a social and legal problem. It is a social problem since the society as a whole is the one primarily affected of its effects. In almost all sectors, traces of corruption are eminent. It is also a legal problem since it is punishable under the laws of the community. The nations of the world have created their own laws against corruption. Nevertheless, corruption is still a pressing problem. Only a few corrupt individuals are successfully convicted and punished. Thus, there is a need to devise strategies that would effectively curb the acts of the corruption especially in the developing world. In connection, the majority of the countries making up the Central and Eastern part of Europe are actually considered developing sta tes. Benjamin Olken describes corruption like a tax. It adds to the expenses of conducting businesses and providing public services. In countries where corruption is imminent, public services are often poor and inadequate. Corruption lessens the budget needed to effectively and efficiently serve the people in a community. On the side of the business sector, putting up and maintaining a business would be harder than ever due to corruption. As cited by Nathaniel Heller, corruption presents a great barrier to the development and progress of any nation.7 This statement is quite logical. Anyone can in fact understand the rationale behind such contention. In a country, if corruption is present, the budget for the delivery of basic services would be low, unproportioned, and insufficient. For instance, there would only be low budget for education and health. If this is the case, one could expect that teachers will have low salary and educational resources for students would be scarce. In another aspect, medical centers will not have enough supply of medicines and equipments to cure the minor diseases of the people. The ultimate problem about corruption is that it makes the rich people become richer while the poor becomes poorer. It is a fact that only rich persons can thrive in a system which is full of corruption. The poor citizens on the other hand bear the costs of corruption. There is a negative impact in this sense.8 Cor ruption per se destroys the very foundation of a society. It undermines the faith in government and unwinds a lot of links between citizens and governmental institutions.9 Stated otherwise, corruption is the reason why there are people who do not believe in the establishment of governments. They believe that a government does not bring them any good except poverty and injustices. This should not be the case. Corruption in CEE In Central and Eastern Europe, there have been numerous cases of official corruption ranging from top level positions to local levels and across governmental
Thursday, September 26, 2019
Chemistry Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Chemistry - Term Paper Example Identification by mass sets this element as the third-most abundant element in the universe after elements of hydrogen and helium. Representatively by dry air volume, oxygen forms about 20.9476% (209,460 ppmv) of the atmosphere by volume at the sea level temperatures of 150C; thus, making it the third largest compound. Understanding the composition of oxygen and its molecular composition is essential in its incorporation to further chemical uses given that it is a primary atmospheric industrial gas product. For instance, given that one has 32 grams of oxygen, this will be equivalent to one mole of Oxygen gas while 16 grams of the same would be a representation of Oxygen element. This implies that the molecular mass of Oxygen is 32 grams while its atomic mass is 16 grams. By ratio compared to dry air, Oxygen forms about 23.20% of the atmospheric air by weight and has a boiling point of -182.950C. Oxygen forms about 85% of the earth’s elements such as oceans, and is a component of most minerals and rocks given that 46% of these rocks and minerals comprises of Oxygen. Subsequently, the compound forms about 60% of the human body mass. Oxygen as a chemical compound possess distinct properties such as being colorless, being tasteless and odorless. Oxygen also has the property of being poorly soluble in water. A particular gravity of 1.105 is enough to make oxygen be slightly heavier than air. When the Oxygen is cooled to its boiling point of -1830C, it turns appearance and becomes a transparent, pale blue liquid that has a slightly heavy weight than water. Oxygen as a compound can react with all elements, excluding the inert gases resulting in the formation of oxides through a varied reaction rate (oxidation). Even though oxygen in itself is non-flammable, it enhances the combustion process; thus, enabling all flammable materials to burn vigorously. The use of oxygen in industrial
Gender Influences Entry into Entrepreneurship Essay
Gender Influences Entry into Entrepreneurship - Essay Example The paper tells that since ages various strategies are being adopted in order to rectify the inequality existing among the genders In this regard, it has been further acknowledged that women are essentially considered as the key source pertaining to ideas, innovations, and abilities among others. However, it has been determined that the scholars of entrepreneurship endure limited understanding with respect to the underlying factors along with the relevant decisions being made. In fact in the recent discussions, it is ascertained that leadership associated with the entrepreneurship reflects the characteristics of a gender. With the advent of modernization, the world has faced numerous challenges. The entire global economy has undergone major changes after the year 2008. The financial crisis, which the world faced during this period, has accelerated the interests of the people associated with entrepreneurship. In keeping with theories associated with entrepreneurship, it does not refle ct any kind of universal explanation. Nevertheless, entrepreneurship includes diversified approaches in order to describe the behavior of an entrepreneur. Sociology, psychology, economics and regional science among others are few approaches associated with entrepreneurship. Apart from these, the other theories associated with entrepreneurship have been discussed as innovation theory, motivational theory based on the achievement and the acquired needs theory. The basic characteristic of the economic theory includes the presence of favorable economies. It has been discussed that economic along with entrepreneurship growth is analyzed under the economic theory. Correspondingly, economic incentive acts as one of the key motivators related to the entrepreneurial activities. In this regard, it has been further determined that the economic incentives mainly incorporate taxation policy, raw material and industrial policy among others.
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
Business economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words
Business economics - Essay Example rgy resources, cause inundations, heat-related deaths and the fast spread of infectious diseases, as well as create serious damage to all industry sectors. Therefore, climate change is regarded nowadays as the negative outcome of the modern economic system, along with the process behind its making. It is a problem that addresses all the major players in both local and global economies: the operational factors, such as businesses, the regulatory factors, such as governments, the intellectual factors, such as foundations and universities (Echegaray, et al., 2008), as well as the citizens or the consumers, which, at their turn, establish the connections between the factors mentioned above. All of these entities have at least something to say about climate change, and while some of the discussions are focused on finding the guilty parties, on throwing the blame on someone for what has been already done, others are trying to find the appropriate solutions. I believe that businesses should understand that environmental awareness is crucial for their long-term sustainability. Companies should recognize climate change as a risk and establish special risk-assessment teams to indentify its impact on the company’s costs, supply chains, work practices and outputs. For example, if the winters will become warmer, energy costs will be lowered; however, at the same time, the summers will become hotter, which will increase the demand for air-conditioning. This way, a company’s costs distribution is changed based on environmental issues. Still, businesses should see climate change as an opportunity and a challenge to find new markets, develop new technologies as well as improve their image among average consumers. Studies have demonstrated that customers are most likely to absolve their guilt about their environmental footprint by buying products from a â€Å"greener†company. In other words, consuming trends will shift accord ing to which companies take the lead in using green
Tuesday, September 24, 2019
Problem identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words
Problem identification - Essay Example , which is estimated to be at a record high and reflects the magnitude of health crisis that has befallen the average American citizen in present times (msnbc, 2010). One out of every three adults in the U.S. are either uninsured or underinsured (AAOS.org, 2010). Research suggests that this is one of the most crucial problems facing public policy makers. The people facing such problem are considered to be at a high health risk when faced with a serious illness, and may even face death due to delay in receiving primary care or prompt medical assistance (Hammaker & Tomlinson, 2010). Statistics suggest that there is a significant rise in the cost of health insurance in the current year, which is estimated to be about 9 per cent over the previous year (NYTimes, 2011). This is likely to have a negative impact on the public healthcare system, since most of the people depend upon company sponsored insurance. With the rise in healthcare insurance, coupled with weakening of the economy has led to loss of jobs, and hence rise in number of uninsured people. The poor and uninsured populations mostly depend on the public healthcare system which increases the financial demand on it, thus leading to uneven access to healthcare and poor clinical outcomes (Lundy, Janes, 2009). Currently access to healthcare is highly disparate across various socio-cultural groups. Such setbacks, act as a hindrance to the provision of good quality healthcare services, and restrict the performance of the sector (Williams, 2007). AAOS.org (2010). American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: Issues facing America - Underinsured patients [Online] Available at: http://www.aaos.org/news/aaosnow/mar08/reimbursement1.asp [Accessed: November 17, 2011] Msnbc, (2010). Number of uninsured Americans hits record high [Online] Available at: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/39215770/ns/health-health_care/t/number-uninsured-americans-hits-record-high/#.TsFtFfQr2so [Accessed: November 13, 2011] NYTimes (2011). Health
Monday, September 23, 2019
Ronald Ernest Paul Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Ronald Ernest Paul - Essay Example He was criticizing the same Congress in which he was part of it. Many critics observed that the critics from Paul were meant for individual benefits especially as campaign tools. He was quoted in his speech saying, â€Å"I think Congress is about 20 years behind†(Ron Paul’s Speech). In his speech ,he dwelt on the on the need to critically articulate the issues related to foreign and domestic strategy issues, which he said they negatively impacted on the economy and he said the country was headed to a worst economy crisis. It is ironical that Ron Paul’s criticism was on the same congress, which he is part of. He is one of the unsuccessful members of the congress, yet he appears the top critic. Ronald Ernest â€Å"Ron†Paul is one of the renowned United States Congressman and emerged to be repeat presidential candidature, having contented for the presidency in 1988, 2008, and 2012. In the year 1988, he was presidential candidate for Libertarian Party in the 12 years break in the years when he was Republican Congressman. In 2008, Ronald Ernest was presidential nominee for Republican Party. He believes on the supremacy of the Constitution and he never proposes a bill to be approved in the Congress, unless it is provided in the constitution. He is presently contesting for presidency under the nomination for Republican Party in the United States (Schoen & Rasmussen 102). ... 8 contestation for presidency under Republican Party, he has been the chief architect behind advocacy movement Campaign for Liberty and his ideas has been evidence in his speeches, journals, and books. He has become a leading critic in the aspect of civil liberties, gay marriage, taxation policies, foreign policies, health care, entitlements, and abortion. Paul has the believe and understanding that liberties in the market , reducing business regulations and lowering taxes will boost the market strategies ,as well as promoting favorable business environment . According to him, these aspects will have positive impacts on the economy of the United States and also increase employment opportunities within the market environment. He is the chief critic on Federal Reserve, arguing that this will present serious implications on the economy of the country. He said in his speech while in Michigan University addressing students that this will lead to the aspect of bust and boom leading to fina ncial crisis both in the United States and in the global platform. The boom and bust within the economy will promote unethical business practices (Schoen & Rasmussen 89). In his speech he said that, â€Å"The federal government does a lousy job providing the atmosphere necessary to be competitive and be able to compete around the world because they overtax and they over regulateâ€Å". In his entire speech in Michigan, he put more emphasizes on the element of abolishing the Federal Reserve ,an economic entity that he argued that is guilty of collapsing the U.S dollar value and obstructing ,not assisting ,the U.S economy. He said in his speech that the labor policies should be revisited by the Congress where he advocated for a countrywide Right to work policy (Schoen & Rasmussen 123). . He said
Saturday, September 21, 2019
Life Is a Race Essay Example for Free
Life Is a Race Essay Family as a Primary Group Social Problems Garelick August 2010 Family plays an important role in the life of every person and society as a whole. It is no surprise that at every new stage of development in our society, with every revaluation of values, the interest in the issues of family, morality and spirituality spikes. At the present time, in the complicated environments through which we weave our lives, the family remains a unique mediator between the interests of the individual and society and is in the epicenter of a major social upheaval. The transition to current market relations and with them the related apathy, and with the mpoverishment of the general population drastically came the turnaround in the view affecting the well-being of our families and their stability and potential for proper upbringing of the young. These, along with many other social instabilities, have led to a crisis of family values. The consequences of this crisis are bifurcations between the generations, the prevalence of reduced lifetime fertility and the growing number of single parents in the United States. If marriage, parenthood and kinship are what constitute family relations, at the present time we are witnessing a decay of this little tiny trinity. The problem is complicated by the fact that at present time, the institution of marriage is going through a transitional period. There is a certain destruction of the old traditional values of marriage, and the new have yet to be formed. Marriage and family are increasingly becoming more about individuals and their need for intimate satisfaction and informal communication, and less about structure and support of one another. Let us pinpoint and define Just where the family lays its essence within the complicated world of social institutions and in which groups, as defined by our text. In a broad sense, the concept of a social group is any social association of people, anything from peer groups to a population of a particular country. In sociology, this concept is used in a narrower sense as any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis (Schaefer, 2009, p. 107). In general, members of a society feel like they belong to a group, and are also perceived by others as members of said group. To analyze the social structure of a society there must be items explored that ppear in all elementary parts of the given society, which incorporate all of the social perspectives. For this, I have chosen what is generally accepted to be the primary group (Schaefer, 2009, p. 110). The most successful definition, and essentially creation of the term, was created by Charles Horton Cooley who coined the term o refer to a small group characterized by intimate, tace-to-tace association and cooperation (Scnaeter, 2 p. 110). In other words, primary groups are those in which individuals have personal interaction with one another. For example, classmates can be members of a primary roup, and the rest of the student body would then be members of a secondary group. From a social perspective of a functionalist for the normal operation of the human society we must consolid ate certain types of social relations so that they become mandatory for members of a particular social group (Schaefer, 2009, p. 4). This primarily refers to those social relations in which, in order to obtain entry, members of a certain group must satisfy the most vital requirements needed for the successful functioning of the given group as an integrated social unit. For example, or the production of material comforts, people tend to perpetuate and secure a level of financial cushioning; this is also done for the upbringing of children, for unstrained family relationships, as well as for education and training for everyone involved. A symbolic interactionist would view the family process as a consolidation of social relations and a way to establish a system of roles and statuses, prescribing certain rules of conduct in a social network, and in defining a system of sanctions in case of a default by any of the individuals in the process of living out and following he given rules of conduct (Schaefer, 2009, p. 16/111). Social roles, statuses and sanctions are implemented in the form of social institutions that define sustainable patterns of behavior, ideas and incentives. Social institutions are organized patterns of beliefs and behavior centered on basic social needs, such as replacing personnel in the family setting (Schaefer, 2009, p. 113). Social institutions dictate how ideas and goals are perceived and defined by the system of standard social values, such as patterns of public behavior and the complicated systems of various social ties, i. e. he sets of roles and statuses through which a range of behavior is carried out and kept within certain limits. So, within the concepts of social institution and social group there is a significant internal difference. While the social group, whether primary or secondary, is a collection of interacting individuals, the social institution is a system of social relationships and social norms that exist in a particular area of human activity. However, it should be noted that these concepts are inseparable from each other, because a social institution is a set of relationships and systems of behavior, and is etermined ultimately by the needs of people. In other words, although the social institution creates social relationships and norms, there are people for whom these relationships are linked and carried out; the family is the perfect example of a social group that puts the rules in to practice. People organize themselves into different groups using institutional rules. Each institution includes many social groups that provide the overall institutional behavior. Consequently, institutions and social groups are interrelated, and it would be completely meaningless to separate these otions and study them separately. So, based on the foregoing, I conclude that the family is a social phenomenon that combines the features of a social institution and a primary group. The idea of the modern family arises from the desire to satisfy purely personal needs and interests ot individuals. According to structure-tunctionalists, tn patterns of reciprocal obligations among people and between structures of people and the greater society define family. The greater society has needs that must be met; in order to meet those needs, society creates subsets of people structured to elp meet the needs of society. The family is one of those structures. The definition of family changes as the needs of the greater society change. When the greater society needs rapid population growth †after a time of war, for example †societys definition of family emphasizes heterosexual bonding, procreation and child rearing; but when the greater society is faced with over-population and the need to limit population growth, societys definition of family may be modified to include homosexual bonding and may be more supportive of childless couples (Diem, 1997, As a primary group, the family connects the personal needs of the public interest, adapting to social relations, norms, and values that are accepted in our society. In other words, the familys personal needs are sorted and organized on the basis of accepted societal values, norms and behavior patterns and, eventually, acquire the character of the social functions such as the regulation of sex, procreation, socialization, emotional satisfaction, status, safety, and economic security. From what I have gathered, the definition of family from a conflict perspective has een a highly discouraged and slightly controversial subject since family is considered a sacred institution. As a result, support for research on conflict in the family has been discouraged (Werner-Wilson, 1993, p. 6). And it would seem that a social institution of such prominence would not have a dark side from which can leap and bound toward freedom suppressed minorities. But for the sake of this essay, let us assume that if Karl Marx were to look at the institution of marriage, he would wave his well bearded nugget side to side disapprovingly. The idea of a traditional family as roots in male supremacy, and suppression of womens rights. If only Karl Marx was not a man of the nineteenth century, but lived in present time. The ideal family includes: 1) a set of social values (love, for children), 2) public procedure (for the care of children, family rights and obligations), and 3) interlacing of roles and statuses (status and role of husband, wife, child, teenager, mother-in- law, brothers, etc. ), with the aid of which the family exists. Thus, the institution of family is a collection of certain bonds, rules and roles, which in practice are manifested into the activities of this individual primary group. We all know how great the importance of family is in everyday life, society and even in the political arena. After all, it is the family of each person that provides them with an inexhaustible source of love, devotion and support. The family lays foundation for morality, spirituality and tolerance. And it is the family that is recognized as the major reason for why cultural beliefs survive, are inherited and passed from generation to generation. It is a prerequisite for socialization and the lifelong study of social roles, basic education, skills, and behavior. A healthy, strong family is the basis of stability and prosperity of any society. The family is the foundation of all social institutions vis- ¤-vis the development of the family is ultimately the progress of society as a whole. But the world does not stand still, in its ever-changing atmosphere social institutions take on new meanings and the ideas ot marriage and tamily change witn the times. Marriage has ceased to be life-long and is losing its legitimacy: divorce, single parent families, broken hearts and bank accounts used to be exceptions, and are now becoming the norm. The vast majority of professionals such as philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, economists, and students of the modern school of thought, all agree that the family is going through a real crisis. The strength of family is being tested under the weight of total catastrophic failure that our society is facing; the deep nature of which is characterized by our flailing civilization. As a primary element of society, it gives a miniature image of the same contradictions that are inherent in our cultures. One of the most remarkable properties of the family is its flexible and dynamic orm of structural organization. Thanks to the universal ability to adapt to the peculiarities of the ever-changing world, the family has developed an enormous variety of types of family structures, sometimes adapting itself beyond recognition, but while keeping unchanged its essence as a social institution and a primary group. In addition, the family is created to meet any number and range of essential human needs. The family, therefore, in contrast to other social groups defines the very meaning of integrity and adaptability. Because of its multifunctional ability to ameliorate the physiological and sychological human needs, and its inclination toward self-organization and self- development the idea of family is able to combine all personal, collective and public interests into one little amiable ball with a gigantic potential for explosive cataclysm. The world is not static, it changes, and with it change its social institutions, and thus the family. Clearly, the family today, like society in general, is in deep cow dung. The strength of the family, its charm and vitality lie in the integrity that is inherent in the family idea and in the definition of the primary social group and social nstitution. The present era in which we have had this great pleasure of existing is different from any other in recorded history. Todays complex economic and social situations require a modern approach, which can often cause stress and depression, which have already become integral parts of our existence. Today is the time when the need is particularly great in having a safe retreat, a place of spiritual comfort. This safe retreat can be our family, its stability and strength can be built to withstand the widespread variability of the painful world. The family is something worth elebrating, and in celebrating ourselves we can go on further to build everything else that will try to destroy it.
Friday, September 20, 2019
The History Of Hotel Radisson Marketing Essay
The History Of Hotel Radisson Marketing Essay For my course I have come up with a strategic plan or business plan of a hotel business. I have been asked to choose a travel and tourism organization and discuss about its position in travel industry, doing its marketing research and report and its sustainability and corporate social responsibility. So in this report I will try to focus n the operation and the management issues in tourism from an industrial point of view. For my product, I have chosen to use an already existing brand name in hotel and tourism industry Radisson Blue, formerly Radisson SAS, is the brand name for Radisson Hotels outside the United States, including those in Europe, Africa, and Asia. This report is divided in four sections as in first section Radisson Blu hotels position in the tourism industry is analyzed and focuses is given on the stakeholders and macro environmental issues. The second marketing report section focus has been given on Radissons business strategy especially on its products and di fferent strategies of pricing and proportioning and distribution. Marketing mix is discussed in that section from Radissons perspective. The following section contains the hotels performance evaluation through employee and customers satisfaction survey. A research plan has been set; two sets of open ended questionnaire have been structured and data been collected from customers of two Hotels establishment of Radisson located in London. All the data found from primary and secondary sources been analyzed and on that basis recommendation has been given. In the last section corporate social responsibility issue has been discussed in Radissons perspective. The questionnaire samples have been included in the appendix end of the report. Introduction of Radisson Blue hotel: Radisson Hotels Resorts is one of the leading, full-service global hotel companies. It has its business over 420 locations in 73 countries. They are passionate about Yes I Can! service philosophy which empowering the employees to make sure that they are entirely satisfied for the duration of the stay. This is a major international hotel company. The first Radisson hotel was founded on December 15th, 1909 in South Seventh Street in Minneapolis, Minnesota. It was specified named after 17th century French traveler Pierre-Esprit Radisson. In 1962 the establishment was bought by Curt Carlson (1914-1999) as it is still owned by Carlson. With the headquarters of the parent company Carlson; the companies is located on the suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, the city where the first Radisson Hotel was built. The company started the business with around 250 staffs. Fifty feminine staff survived in the hotel as did some of the chefs. (Task 1-Situation Analysis) 1-a) Radisson and sectors of travel and tourism industry: The tourism business is based on numerous dissimilar components and they are interconnected. Many businesses cover more than one segment and the impact in one element of the tourism industry has noteworthy implication for additional sector. The tourism industry has been separated into several unlike sectors. Such as: Accommodation Adventure and recreation Attraction Food and beverage Events and conference Transportation Travel and trade. All these sectors are interrelated and as a travel and tourism company Radisson is spreading its business through almost all sectors in tourism by generating job opportunities and its unique services to the customers especially in accommodation, events and conferences, travel trade and food and beverage sectors. 1-b) Stakeholders and their interest: A stakeholder is any personality or group who can affect or is affected by the actions, decisions, policies, practices, or goals of the organization. (Freeman 1984, 25). The person or group has interest through the overall activities of the business. And they are classified into internal and external stakeholders. Figure 1: Stakeholder analysis (Marlene Gundlach, 3/22/2011)http://img.bhs4.com/90/d/90d78332987fa6def2305690485f6646d2d944b4_large.jpg Internal stakeholders are those from contained by the industry, e.g. shareholders, managers and the employees. In case of hotel Radisson, the internal stakeholders are managers, staff and employees of the hotel, and there is no doubt that the owners are the most important stakeholders among all of them. The staff and employees get the remunerated from business in a straight line and do service for the business and thus are classified as internal stakeholders. As a definition of business dictionary the external stakeholders are such as suppliers, government, financiers that influence and are influenced by organization but are not its internal part. Radissons key external stakeholders are its 1.Customers 2.Suppliers 3.Media 4.Shareholders 5.Government 6.Banks 7.CommunityGroups 8. NGOs As the main internal stakeholder of hotel Radisson the owners are always concerned about the growth and profit the business establishment is making in a year. The managers are deeply concern about their performance and salary. On the other hand as external stakeholder Shareholders play very important roles for hotel Radisson because they have contribution on the capital to the business and look ahead to share from the profit. Radisson needs the support of shareholders to make available funds to increase the business. Shareholders have a straight interest in considering the business develop into more productivity. Government and regulatory also set a variety of technical and lawful necessities. Radisson must execute with strategy and rules put by the governments and hotel company scheme in the countries in which it activates. Customers always desire Radisson to make available high standard service at a sensible value. The Community also has a stake in the Radissons dealing as employer of neighboring people. Business activity does affect the local surroundings. 1-c) The Macro environment The macro environmental factors include all the aspects influencing an organization. It is the external and uncontrollable factors that influence a companys development. An industry must be acquainted with the worth of each of the macro environment factors; such as, economic, demographics, and lifestyle, technology and natural forces. In our case Radisson should study all the macro environment factors before it set up a new business in at any place in the world as each of the forces has effect on the market. The radical and ongoing changes occurring in society create an uncertain environment and have an impact on the function of the whole organization (Tsiakkiros, 2002). It is constantly changing, and the big business needs to be stretchy to take up with it. Radisson HotelTo help analysis this factors managers can categories them using the PESTEL model. Social Cultural Technological Political Legal Economic Demographic Figure 2: The overview of Macro Environment Radisson hotel. (Field work) Economic Trends: Changeability in personal disposable income, inflation and interest rate and the rate of unemployment are generally focused in the macroeconomic environmental analysis. The recent growth of GDP in central Europe has made luxury of hotel Radisson more reasonable to the common public. Another constructive feature for the hotel is the luxury accommodation sector is mostly unaffected by the 2007 recession (Kiessling, Balekjian, Oehmichen, 2009). But intermittent exchange rates, the inflation and tax rates pose negative impact to the tourism industry. Political and Legal Trends: The macro political environment analysis will identify changes in the position politicians take on issues. A current example is a shift towards greener policies in the developed world. The macro legal environment analysis is closely linked to the political environment (politicians tend to make the laws), but also includes trends in court decisions such as liability compensation. As a luxury accommodation sector hotel Radisson gets huge government incentives for the development of new hotel projects, as new hotels will ultimately increase a countrys GDP. On the other hand government charge big amount of taxes on the star categorisation of the hotel. As a hotel within the UK hotel Radisson must comply with all health and safety laws and suffers from serious consequences if not obeyed Technological Trends: The macro technological environment analysis will identify changes in the application of technology. A current example is a shift towards online transactions and in some areas a shift away from online transactions. New spa facilities and new Illness treatment concepts of hotel Radisson are beneficial for any spa, as they attract potential customers. Social/Cultural Trends: The macro social/cultural environment analysis will identify trends in societys beliefs, behaviours, values and norms. Change of lifestyle: People take less time off for holidays, but spend more money on shorter trips such as Iekend luxury spa packages. Demographic Trends: The macro demographic analysis identifies trends in population growth at relevant ages for your industry the population location. So, PESTEL environment is so important for Radisson hotel business. As it identifies the opportunities and threats that lie within it. By understanding the environment in which Radisson is operating the business opportunities can be taken advantage of and threats can be minimized 1-d) Marketing Issues For a business it is necessary to understand its issues both external and internal or situation including its own capability, customers and the market environment to set its aim to satisfy customers need in a profitable manner. It need to also focus on its changing environment where it operates its business. Marketing issues are the highest priority problems that have negative impact on selling and advertising of a business. It is mandatory for any business establishment to identify the key dealing issues as it helps the managers to frame their managerial activities and implementing their decision. 5c analysis is a very useful structure to undergo a situation analysis. Its an environmental scan of the major 5 key areas of marketing decision making including internal, micro and macro environmental issues. Like all other business establishment Radisson hotels situation issues focus on 5C. As means Figure 3: 5C issues for Radisson (Lecture note) Company: Company breakdown is sanction for the evaluation of the companys purpose, policy, and aptitude. These parts identify to a Radisson hotel corporation on the plot of the business model. Radisson as a product and image of the hotel in the travel and tourism industry, the technology it is using and experiencing and on the end its objective comprises company issues. Competitor: The competitors position in a business establishment and the threat that that can be potentially posed by this competitors is taken into consideration in competitor analysis. This is an analysis enabling the business to identify the potential and current competitors and their capabilities. For my selected company Radisson Blu major competitors are Hilton, Sheraton and Marriott. From that perspective identifying and assessing the competitors as well as predicting future initiative of theses competitors is necessary for the business growth of hotel Radisson. These early insight of the potential activities of Hilton, Sheraton and hotel Marriott will keep Radisson prepared against the competition posed by them. Customers: Its can be massive and complicated. Significant part of this scrutiny likes; Demographic Wants needs Income level Market size growth Motivation Distribution, etc. Collaborator: Distributors, suppliers and alliances comprises the collaborators issue. It determines if there are any external sources or facility is available to assist the company goal. Collaborators are always ready to lend their extended Radisson as they let for a move up in the edifice of thoughts, when lifts up in the opportunity of in advance new sponsorship identification. Radisson always maintains warm approach to its collaborators. It celebrates the birthdays of its collaborators on a monthly basis and special lunch and present been arranged to make them happy. Climate: Climate is imperative concern in any big business. It comprises all the macro environmental factors including political and regulator, social and cultural and economic environment. Most of the climate issues been referred to the pest analysis. Radissons pest analysis is broken down in the above section. (Task 2 Marketing Report) 2-a): Segmenting Targeting and positioning: (STP) applied by Radisson and its main product or service. Segmentation: Market segmentation is personalising the marketplace into subgroup based on comparable description of customer. Market segmentation can be completed by undertaking a do research and analyzing the results of the customers needs or wants. There are four types of market segmentation strategies:  I. Behaviour segmentation behaviour segmentation is the dissection of the customers in accordance with their life style of the, pattern of exchange or purchasing and using their money.  II. Demographic segmentation in this segment customers are divided according to their demographic status as married, divorced, single or widowed. Each group is treated separately and differently. III. Geographic segmentation -in this method customers are classified according to the area, region, state and district they live in.  IV. Physiographic segmentation physiographic segmentation is like the behavioural segmentation with some dissimilarity of including customers attitudes, expectations and activities. Radisson uses subdivision marketing process where the market is separated into sub-groups and these groups are given dissimilar hotel services. As an Ill known brand, Radisson for the most part serves to the advanced income earners of different countries. Since Radisson hotels comprise hotels in several countries and work internationally by capturing most of market share of not only state but also global market, as a result the market is divided internationally different countries and diverse culture of different countries. Targeting- After dividing the market into subgroups customers are selected according to their requirements and if they go with with the resources obtainable to the firm. Hence, targeting is a procedure that takes place after segmentation is completed. Radisson provides services to only those who can manage to pay for to pay for high end lavishness services. Thus, a new target market of recently Added couples fit best with the resources (services) Radisson can provide. The rate per night is surely being high enough and the suits provided could be changed for fitting a honeymoon couples needs. At present, Radisson serves mainly to business class travellers and highly educated and high income earners. Mostly these customers visit Radisson regularly but not with their families. Thus the new target of newly Added couples will be a profitable idea for Radisson. Market positioning: Market positioning is introduction of a product into a exacting position in a marketplace by referring to the users perception. Positioning is an indispensable implement that as it allows the customers to generate their personal observation of the product. The illustration in their mind is the representative of the clients and this make them encompass the potential of to choose a superior product. Radisson before now has a trademark image of its own in its customers intellect of being extremely Ill presumed hotels providing services to principally elevated takings earners. At current, Radissons aim to most of its clients is providing facility to most trade person. Radisson is not prepared for wedded couples yet. After targeting a new market section of the newly married couples, Radisson needs to as Ill make an intuition on its hotels as being the ideal one for the wedded couples. It is also extremely necessary to look for the competitor while incoming this new marketplace. Radisson must place itself in a worse form than its competitor while beginning the deal as they have to generate an image such as Best for the Best. 2-b): Pricing strategies: Due to the competition of five star hotels industry in worldwide that is going to be tighter and tighter, many five star  hotels conduct particular pricing strategy to yield even greater profit besides using basic pricing. In some markets, managers can enhance profits above those they would earn by simply charging a single per-unit price to all consumers. In our chosen hotel Industry Radisson several pricing strategy have been followed as few of them listed below: Price discrimination  Price discrimination is the practice of charging different prices to consumers of the same service. In this case, hotels can earn higher profit by charging different prices for the same service. In some cases hotel offers special discounts for consumers who will book rooms and pay it with credit cards. In this way they are able to charge different prices to different consumers depending on each consumers willingness and ability to pay. Peak-load pricing Most hotels have periods in which demand is high and periods in which demand is low. For example, when holiday season, number of urban people from outside Jakarta, such as Medan and Surabaya, prefer going to the capital city, Jakarta, to travelling during short holiday periods, mainly due to their constraint budgets and limited time.  As a consequence, four and five star hotels located in Jakartas Central Business District and shopping area, such as Mulia and  Grand Hyatt, gain more benefits Commodity bundling A significant amount of sales revenue of hotels in Indonesia also comes from the usage of ballrooms and meeting rooms.  Ballrooms are particularly popular for Idding occasions and special corporate events; while meeting rooms are often chosen by corporate and governmental departments from other provinces as places to meet up.  For example, five-star hotels offer Idding package for Idding occasions, not only ballroom as place for the occasion but also other services, such as catering, pre-Idding photo, and parking voucher. All those services are grouped together into a bundle and price charged to customers depends on the service offerings. Table VIII describes various Idding packages which are offered by Borobudur Hotel. Block Pricing: By packaging units of a product and selling them as one package, hotels can earn more profit than by selling per unit price of service. They have to pack identical services together and offer loIr price than per-unit of service. This pricing strategy called block pricing which identical product are packaged together by forcing consumers to make all-or-none decision to purchase. This way is expected to be able to increase profit received by a hotel. Price matching: In hotel industry, pricing strategy is one thing that can be used to attract consumers. Each hotel competes to satisfy its customers while it also earns more profit on that. But, in cases where trigger strategy does not work, there is another way that can be used by hotels to attain higher profit. A hotel can use a price matching strategy to advertise a price and promise to match any Loir price offered by a competitor. With our Best Rates Guarantee you can book any hotel at radissonblu.com and be confident you are receiving the best hotel room rate available on the IB guaranteed. If you find a Loir rate within 24 hours of booking and at least 48 hours prior to your arrival date, submit a claim and I will honor the Loir rate and discount it by 25%. Book today! 2-c): The promotional and distribution mix: Promotion mix is the combination of advertising, sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing tools that a company uses to communicate value and build relationships. (Kotler Armstrong, 2008). A disinterested mix of this aspect is needed to put together and retain cost-effective customer interaction.  Radisson has focused on promotion policies that relate to customers at a individual level, because of this it has stay left from mass advertising and mass medium outlet, and has decided on an close communication approach in order to preserve a connection with consumers on a private level. Also, sale promotions such as coupon are sent using online mail list. Radisson at present has an conventional email list, where it update consumers on the subject of new product, promotion, and events happen. Radisson is pretty discerning in choose electronic Medias. It chooses the exact media for the promotion of advertisement, as a customer can understand. As an example Radisson uses newspaper Jakarta post demonstrating accurate media at foreign market booth and FM smart for radio. Several distribution channels can be used to as a distribution strategy for a service industry like Radisson to bring out a new product or promotion to the customers. Companies may focus on a particular channel as a distribution strategy but sometimes selecting or using several channels help the company to maximise the link between customers and them; as consumers has more option to chose from and the service is available in different forms. In a service industry Radisson operates its distribution as direct sales in personal and through internet. As customer can book their rooms through internet and always get the update of new product and promotions. 2-d): 3ps of extended marketing mix: The marketing mix is the premeditated or prepared part of a marketing arrangement. The marketing mix is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the set of controllable set of tactical marketing tools product, price, place and promotion- that the firm blends to produce the response it wants in the target market. Kotler and Armstrong (2010) It is also called as 4ps the 7Ps. The 4Ps are price, place, product and promotion. The services marketing mix is also called the 7Ps and includes the addition of process, people and physical evidence. Services Marketing Mix refers to the amalgamation of promotion activities associations engage in to prop up and sell ethereal service, as contrasting to physical goods. Marketing professional and individual use numerous strategies to create a center of attention and preserve their consumers. These actions encompass of diverse perceptions, the most significant one being the marketing blend. Marketing tactic is incorporated with the selling program, or marketing mix. The marketing mixes conventionally include variables such as price, product, promotion, and place. Here is an extend to conceptualize the function of the supplementary 3Ps and how they ought to be managed, in particular in the service business like hotel Radisson Blue. People: Referring to the distinctiveness of services discussed, services are not concrete and necessitate be forming and using concurrently. The value of people in the service delivery system becomes extremely important in the co-creation of value. (Gabriel, 2005). Consumers connect the charge of the service to the distinctiveness of the service contributor. This involves a remarkable need for the service provider to comprehend their involvement to the service eminence. If there is a divergence of the predictable assessment by the consumers to what the consumers are presented, there will be a discernment breach. Physical Aspects: Physical aspect sometimes termed as customer service. It has got the place at the circle of the expanded marketing mix as it got significant impact on the other components of extended marketing mix. That is the only tangible part of the service a hotel can provide. As for instance for our case studies hotel Radisson Blue the compactness and tidiness of the reception desk, the rooms and other amenities outline component of the physical feature of the service. The character of the service deliverance together with the lead-time is as Ill part of the consumer service. Customer service does have an effect on the other apparatus because it is almost the amalgamation of the presentation of all workings of expanded marketing mix. Process: The service provider need to be sound conversant of the means the service is breed and delivered to the consumers. In this case the feature of message, communication purpose and strategy forms components of process information. There should not be mystification connecting this constituent of marketing blend and that of customary marketing mix up, promotion. Process information is concerning the temperament of the service formation and deliverance structure while advertising is about informing potential and existing consumers about the accessibility of the product-service. Since consumers are not able to see the service they will construct assurance on the in sequence set to them by service provider about the entire procedure about the service. Some consumers are confrontational, so they will require details regarding the procedure of the service. Once the service contributor is not in no doubt about the in sequence he is giving about the service of the method, customers can entity th e offer. The poIr of IT needs to be incorporated in this constituent as it can pace up the accessibility of the information consequently a good client service to consumers. (TASK 3-Market Research): The American Marketing Association (AMA) has given the most widely accepted definition of marketing. The AMA has defined marketing research as the systematic gathering, recording and analyzing of data about problems relating to the marketing of goods and services In this paper I will discuss the process used in marketing research planning. There are eight steps to take in this process, identifying the problem, creation of the research design,  choosing the method of research, selection of the sampling procedure, collection of data, analysis of the data, writing and presenting the report, and follow up. These steps will insure that the data collected answered the right problem and is useful to the client.  Step 1: Identifying the Problem : Identifying the setback is the first stride in the marketing research planning course of action.  It is must to find out what kind of data I are looking for. Descriptive is the kind of study that asks who what where when and how.  The causal studies ask us more they why, they follow the line of thinking that if one variable changes then the other will alter in a unwiring way. In this paper I will focus mainly on customers satisfaction about the service of hotel Radisson. Customer like the complimentary advertisement, they can bypass the information by word of mouth. There is research point towards that if you lose a loyalty consumer you may lose 100 possible customers. So, gratify the client is very imperative for the hotel. Last, but not least, for the hotel, consumer is not only consign to the consumers but also refer to the member of staff. Employee is very imperative for the hotel, because they develop Customer Satisfaction endow with the service, the excellence of the service resolve the exterior customers satisfaction. If I want develop the contentment of peripheral customers, I first have to get better the interior employees contentment. All in all, the customer is god; as a hotel Radisson should try their best to gratify the customers. Hotel must find the resourceful ways to keep happy the customers, who help them, make money and win in the rivalry. Step 2: Research Design Any research needs a plan or a formation before data assortment or scrutiny can instigate. A research design is not in a minute a work graph. A work sketch details what has to be completed to complete the assignment but the work plan will flow from the projects research design. The purpose of a research design is to make certain that the confirmation obtained enable us to respond the preliminary question as unequivocally as possible. Step 3: Method of Research Choosing The means of research is to find out what kind of way I will use to collect data.  The three fundamental methods are survey, observation and experiment.  A survey is a where the accomplice is asked a quantity of question, such as a mail survey. Observation is to monitor without straight communication, such as inspecting peoples habits at the shopping centre.  Experiments are type of examine that are defined by the experimenter altering one or more variables. In this paper two sets of Ill developed questionnaire have been structured to evaluate the views of both employees and customers. Step 4: Sampling Procedure Selection of the sampling system is picking out a assembly of people to research. At period it could be very much sturdy to get internal information of the hotel. So I have to select some of very knowledgeable and cordial human resources of hotel Radisson and accumulate the required data. Beside this, I will use internet and conducting e-mail communication to pull together some of the information. Step 5: Collecting Data (primary and secondary) Data are of two types : primary and secondary . Primary Data are those which are composed or collected a new and for the foremost time and thus come about to be unique in nature. On the other hand for secondary data its nature of collecting is purely that  of impediment. primary data is collected through observation and interview method through questionnaire and schedules. On contrary the collection process of secondary data is accomplished by or from various publication of the local government and state or state publication. The secondary data can be collected from the technical and trade journal, books, newspaper and different magazines as Ill as from reports. In my research study I used primary data and I composed it through the questionnaire methods, I collected these data from London. Step 6: Analyzing the Data and presenting the report: Analysis of the data is where I break down the composed data and try to find contacts and of pattern in it to help come back with the research predicament that I started with. One of the most important is, writing and presenting the report. The person heading up the research will have to make sure that the information and recommendation is both credible and justified by the data, if he wants the recommendation to be followed.  The report can be presented in many different ways such as a printed report, digital report, a presentation, or even a combination of them all. Step 7: Following up Follow up with the firm, make sure that the research is being used and interpreted correctly. A good way make sure that the information is going to be used is to make it so each department dont conflict with the others.  Also doing these kinds of follow up can let management know that the researcher does care about the work that was done for the company. For my case study for Radisson Blu
Thursday, September 19, 2019
Patriot Act Essay -- Politics Foreign Affairs Safety Terrorism Essays
Patriot Act "We're dealing with terrorists who operate by highly sophisticated methods and technologies, some of which were not even available when our existing laws were written. The bill before me accounts for the new realities and dangers posed by modern terrorists. It will help law enforcement to identify, dismantle, disrupt, and punish terrorists before they strike," (President George W. Bush at signing of Patriot Act, 2001). The terrorists of today cannot be reasoned with. We must do whatever necessary to ensure that there never will be another September 11th. Since the enactment of the Patriot Act, there have not been any major acts of terrorism committed on U.S. soil. If the Act had been established earlier, perhaps the tragedy of September 11th would have been prevented. The Patriot Act has applied common sense knowledge and resources to law enforcement, making it easier for them to seize terrorists before they strike. The Patriot Act, however, has stirred up controversies amongst those who believe it to be a violation of our civil liberties. The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) argues that the Patriot Act not only fails to make us a safer nation, but also a less free one. They believe that it does not uphold our fundamental rights and freedoms. They want Congress to limit the sharing of information through wiretapping between the government, so as to preserve their privacy. The ACLU also believes the F.B.I., has been given too long a leash, that the Patriot Act has overstepped its boundaries. The ACLU has issued eighteen sheets, written dozens of letters to Congress and the Bush administration, and made hundreds of TV and radio appearances, calling on Congress to "defend the fundamental rights and freedoms that distinguish us from repressive societies in other parts of the world." The Patriot Act, however, violates none of these liberties and is a key source in protecting our freedom. If we do not fight back against terrorists who want to take over this land, we will be no different from other repressed societies. It is our determination and strength that has set us apart from the rest of the world. The attack on September 11th stirred up a desire in Americans to want to protect and defend this nation. The Patriot Act is a tool for defending our fundamental rights and freedoms from and enemy who will show no mercy. Terrorists are e... ...make the provisions of the Patriot Act more permanent and secure. We have let the terrorists go far beyond our reach. They are now embedded into all sections of our cultures. We can trust no one and must do whatever necessary to ensure that there will never be another event like September 11th. The actions we take today will affect who we are tomorrow. What we so now will form the future of this nation. The religion of the terrorists is to destroy Americans for a greater reward in their heaven. They are relentless and will stop at nothing. We, therefore, must always be vigilant and on guard, and support the Patriot Act. The Patriot Act lets us rest assured that future generations will live in a safe and free world. Works Cited: ACLU of Northern California. (Online) Available http://www.aclunc.org. February 23,2003 National ACLU. (Online) Available http://aclu.org/Files/openFile.cfm?id+10897, December 17,2002. President Bush's remarks on signing USA-Patriot Act. (Online) Available www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001/10/20011026-5.html, December, 2001. U.S Department of Justice. (Online) Available www.usdoj.lifeandliberty.gov/subs/q_support.htm, October 25,2001
Wednesday, September 18, 2019
WHAT DROPPING THE BOMB MEANT FOR THE FUTURE :: Essays Paper
WHAT DROPPING THE BOMB MEANT FOR THE FUTURE This page is focused what dropping the atomic bomb on Japan meant for the future of nuclear war. The page will discuss the events such as the Cuban missile crisis and most recent developments as the Gulf War with the ultimate question being asked, what if we did not drop the bomb? The decision to use the atomic bomb was controversial. Some have claimed the bombing was unnecessary to defeat Japan. Some claim that the United States utilized the atomic bomb to scare the Russian and make them respect American military power. But regardless of the reason, purpose, or motivation, the bomb ended the war quickly and preserved the lives of many Americans (696 Kagan). While it preserved American life, the use of nuclear weapons had consequences we are experiencing today and will experience for years to come. The Atomic Age had begun as soon as the bomb left the cargo bay of the Enola Gay. There was no turning back. The decision that the United States toiled over seemed almost automatic because of all the time and money the United States had committed to its development. But what the bomb meant for the future of the world was unthinkable. No one could have imagined the fear that the phrase "nuclear weapons" strikes in the heart of so many people. Many, many nations have developed nuclear weapons since the Hiroshima bombing and these nations have the capabilities to do to the United States what the United States did to Japan. In 1945, the world was on the brink of nuclear holocaust. Although the world has settled in to more peaceful times since then, the world still fears another conflict which could extinguish the entire human race (58 Sagan). The first post-war effects of the United States' use of the atomic bomb was the Cold War and more specifically the Cuban missile crisis. The U.S., the sole-possessor of atomic weapons at the time, was upset at the Soviets policy of expanding westward. The height of the Cold War and the event the had the United States on the tip of nuclear destruction was the Cuban missile crisis of 1962. Russian premier Nikita Khrushchev made the decision to install nuclear weapons in Cuba, a Soviet ally after a 1957 revolution.
Inner Evil :: essays research papers fc
We all have a darkness inside of us that is unleashed at different times in our lives. It can come out when we are jealous, angry, or just harassing someone. In the novel, A Separate Peace by Robert Knowles, Gene, the main character, is affected by a few evils inside a person and he also releases his own evil. Three characters from the novel, Quackenbush, Brinker, and Gene, all have darkness inside of them that they let come out in different ways. The first character from A Separate Peace that lets his evil out is Quackenbush. Quackenbush is the head of the crew team at Devon School. He is always teased and harassed by the other students and consequently, Quackenbush has low self-esteem. He feels that by making fun of Gene, unleashing his inner darkness, that it will make him feel better. For the time being it makes him feel big and important. The first incident is when Gene starts as the Assistant Crew Manager and Quackenbush is above him. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Get some towels’†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢How many?’†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢As many as you can carry. That won’t be too many.’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (69). Quackenbush hurts Gene another time too. After making fun of Gene, Gene remarks, â€Å"†¦You, Quackenbush, don’t know anything about who I am†¦Listen you maimed son-of-a-bitch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (71). Then a fistfight breaks out between the two. Quackenbush doesn’t like when Gene stands up for hims elf, he cannot stand it. He wants to hurt Gene because he can tell by taking the position of Assistant Crew Manager that Gene has low self-esteem. Quackenbush lets out his inner darkness at Gene because he wants to feel momentous; he wants to feel important and that is one way that someone in this novel lets out their inner depravity. The second character I have chosen is Brinker. Brinker, who is the popular politician at Devon School, is very jealous of the friendship that Gene and Finny share. He says many things about the fall and how it happened to hurt Gene. â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢I’ll bet you knew all the time Finny wouldn’t be back this fall. That’s why you picked him as a roommate, right?’ [Brinker asks.]’What? No, of course not. How could I know a thing like that in advance?’†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢You fixed it. You knew all the time, I bet it was all your doing.’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (79-80). Brinker was jealous of not only Gene and Finny’s friendship, but also Gene having a room all to himself.
Tuesday, September 17, 2019
Byronic Hero
Byronic Hero – Romantic Hero – Tragic Hero – Anti-Hero During the Romantic Era, a hybrid of the Romantic Hero evolved out of the writings of Lord Byron and the combination tragic hero/romantic hero/anti hero characterization of many of the protagonists in Gothic Novels. Frankenstein is considered one of the Gothic Novels that developed out the the Romantic Era. The â€Å"heroes†in Frankenstein could fit into the Byronic Hero category or be classified as Romantic, Tragic, or Anti Heroes.Lady Caroline Lamb, a former lover of Lord Byron’s called him â€Å"mad, bad, and dangerous to know. †This epitaph stuck as a way to describe a Byronic Hero in literature as well. See if Victor Frankenstein fits the description of the Byronic Hero or if he embodies more of the traits of the other heroes. What about Captain Walton and the Monster? Characteristics of The Byronic Hero: †¢ high level of intelligence and perception †¢ cunning and able to adapt †¢ sophisticated and educated †¢ self-critical and introspective mysterious, magnetic and charismatic †¢ struggling with integrity †¢ power of seduction and sexual attraction †¢ social and sexual dominance †¢ emotional conflicts, bipolar tendencies, or moodiness †¢ a distaste for social institutions and norms †¢ being an exile, an outcast, or an outlaw †¢ â€Å"dark†attributes not normally associated with a hero †¢ disrespect of rank and privilege †¢ a troubled past †¢ cynicism †¢ arrogance †¢ self-destructive behavior Characteristics of The Romantic Hero: Birth and class are unimportant: the individual transcends society †¢ The battle is internal: it is a psychological war won by the â€Å"courage to be me††¢ Moral codes are eccentric–heroes make their own rules †¢ Passions are outside of individual control †¢ Self knowledge is valued more than physical strength o r endurance (physical courage is de-valued) †¢ The hero is moody, isolated, and introspective †¢ Loyalty is to a particular project and to a community of like-minded others Characteristics of The Tragic Hero: †¢ has strong extraordinary character of noble birth (aristocrat or royalty) †¢ possesses a flaw in character which is his or her weakness †¢ Great Weakness (obsession, lust, greed, desire) leads to ultimate downfall †¢ has a moment of Tragic Choice which spirals into the downfall of hero †¢ Downfall always includes death in a traditional tragedy †¢ Downfall also brings about far-reaching catastrophe: many deaths, downfall of family, kingdom or society †¢ Tragic Hero has potential to turn into an Anti-Hero Characteristics of The Anti-hero †¢ foil to the mission or life of the hero possesses a sharp mind or cunning nature †¢ often possesses superhuman strength or power †¢ may be profoundly evil †¢ may be misunderst ood and have potential for good †¢ may have been wronged and bent on revenge †¢ may elicit no sympathy from reader †¢ may elicit some sympathy from reader †¢ may possess strong ambition to succeed or desire for power †¢ lives on fringes of society †¢ may be considered ugly or unattractive or possesses/obtained some physical scar, deformity or imperfection that may have lead to their evil behavior
Monday, September 16, 2019
Teton Dam
Teton dam was constructed after a thorough research that took several years with the first site visit taking place in 1932. The research and the process of identifying the appropriate site took place over the years leading to the identification of eight alternative sites between 1946 and 1961. This was followed with100 boring to determine meant to determine the most appropriate site for the dam to be constructed. In 1972, the actual construction of the dam started, giving the dam the capacity to hold 356 million cubic meters of water.However, soon after the waters were allowed in the dam, it started leaking and eventually the leaks gave in and the dam gave in killing claiming 14 lives. This left several ethical questions that this work shall analyze using the virtue principle of decision making. The work shall be addressed to a government regulatory agency. A description of the engineering failure It was on 3rd June of 1976 when it was noticed that there were small seepages in the no rth abutment wall of the dam.The responsible department pictured the wall and it was taken to the Bureau of Reclamation which was to take the necessary action from then. The only measure taken was that the readings were to be taken twice every week instead of the previous once a week trend. On the next day, the right abutment also indicated wetness and some tiny springs were beginning to appear. It is not recorded of any measures that were taken at this point in time and this consequently led to more destruction on 5th June 1976 when leaks were noticed at around half past 7 in the morning and eight in the morning (Arthur 11).This leak was flowing at a rate of 800 liters per second from the right abutment that had been noticed the previous day. After just an hour, the flow had accelerated to 1,3oo liters per second. The rate was almost doubled within a single hour. At 11. 00 a. m. four bulldozers were sent to the site to rescue situations since a whirlpool was emerging from dam direc tly. This was suicidal since the bulldozers were swallowed by the water meaning that the back up plan that could rescue the situation was already a failure at a very early stage of the failure.Half an hour after the bulldozers were swallowed, the whole dam collapsed and nothing more was left to be rescued. This left 14 lives being lost courtesy of the whole engineering failure while over 200 families were left homeless in five different towns (Arthur 16). An in-depth analysis of major issues surrounding the failure Engineering Issues Following the failure and destruction of the engineering project, the Governor of Idaho commissioned a committee which unveiled that the pre-design and the geological studies that had been conducted were not only appropriate but also deeply founded.The first engineering error though was that attention was not given to the unusual geological condition of the land while the USBR practices were being followed. Another source of failure was that the grout c urtain that was built was not sealed convincingly. Finally, the dam’s geometry was the reason behind the dam’s arching which ensured that cracks opened channels through the erodible fill. Management and Regulatory Issues The case of the failure during the day of the incident shows clearly a massive case of negligence in the hands of the management and the regulatory bodies in the country.As it is stated above, the pictures that were taken to the Bureau of Reclamation when the seepages were noted for the first time never received any firm action. On 5th June 1976 too, the failure occurred in different segments and the lack of a back up plan to help solve it was a clear indication of the lack of preparedness from the management and the Bureau of Reclamation (Sharma, 64). Socio-Technical and Ethical During the infamous failure of the dam, the workers had been warned of the danger that seemed to be in store for them since early detections had indicated a possibility of wha t happened.The case was not the same for the residents and the society in general since they were kept in darkness about the issue with the main reason being that they never wanted to trigger any fear among the citizens. The end result though was that there was no precaution that had been put in place to safeguard the residents. The 14 lives that were lost and the massive displacement that faced over 200 families was totally an unethical issue (Sharma, 64). An analysis of the ethical lapses The process of the dam’s construction is analyzed ethically; there are a number of ethical lapses that were ignored.To begin with it has been noted that the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation failed to include all the stakeholders during the implementation process. This overlook led to the faulty foundation which acted as an important factor for the breaking of the dam as a failure to adequately consult the necessary experts who could have provided important leads and help to averse the effects o f the dam breaking in. the greatest question that arises here is that it is expected that the construction of the dam was for the common good.By constructing such a huge dam in rocks that could easily leak and give way for a possibility such a destructive breakup, the U. S. Bureau of Reclamation team was overlooking the principle of common good (Dylan 158). Another ethical issue with this case was the decision and the rationale to open the dam even before its outlets were complete. Anurag (98) notes that the constructors ignored the fact that the water was rising at a higher rate than what was supposed to be the case and failed to act.This shows that the team assigned the role of manning this dam were negligent in their roles as they failed to ensure that the take any action to ensure that the water intake was as the original plan. The decision to let water in before the outlets were totally finished was a total contravening the principles of ethical responsibilities. The U. S. Bure au of Reclamation ought to have known the dangers it was putting to the people downstream when they let the waters to flow into the dam without fully completing the outlets, and worse still ignoring, the signs that all was not well when the dam stated leaking.These actions flouted the principle of common good, as these negligent acts were not to the interest of all the stakeholders. Worse still, it ignored the principles of courteousness, reasonableness, as well as thought fullness. This case has no justifications for the blatant ignorance of the possible risk that the dam would cause if it burst open. The team monitoring failed to act to mitigate the potential of the dam bursting by ignoring the early signs that the dam was going, to collapse.Recommendations for Actions with Analysis The need to reverse the collapse of the Teton Dam draws the implementation of certain measures. First and foremost, there is need that the pedology in the area. The need to reconsider solid ground in t he reconstruction of the dam is based on the fact that the collapse of the dam was aided by the dam being situated on a permeable loess soil. This loess soil was used as the core of the dam. At the same time, the loess soil had been used on the cracked rhyolite at the bottom of the dam.This allowed the dam water to seep through and under the dam. By extension, it is well adduced by oceanographers, limnologists and hydrologists that this collapse of the dam had been cracked at its bottom. This allowed water to seep through the dam, giving way for piping [internal erosion]. The collapse of the dam was the culmination of this development. The need for regular and effective dam inspection cannot be gainsaid as an effective panacea to the collapse of a dam after the manner of Teton Dam.Additionally, logistics and funds must be set in place to ensure that the sealing of the fissures at the bottom of the dams are clearly sealed. The gravity of the matter is that the panel had soon establis hed that piping was taking place. Nevertheless, there was nothing that was done to revert the fracturing of the core materials. The need to ensure that highly skilled personnel are involved in the construction of the bottom of any dams is also paramount.This is underscored by the fact that the panel that oversaw the construction of Teton Dam was not able to determine the presence of totally erodable fill which had been left unprotected which had been aided by an unsealed rock situated beneath the grout cap. That this situation was primrose, leading to the development of an erosion tunnel which in turn further promoted the widening and development of the fissure underscores the aforementioned need for skilled personnel. Skilled personnel would have identified and carried out correctional measures.Outcomes and Justification Based On One or More Ethical Frameworks The need to ensure that there are skilled personnel is underscored by one of the ethical oversights that were committed on the side of the panel. Precisely, the panel allowed the dam to be opened a little too soon before the completion of its outlets. If it is that only skilled experts were employed, the panel would have been informed that water at the time had been rising at a dangerously higher rate. In addition to this, the right correctional measures would have been deducted, prescribed and executed.By extension, the fact that the team that was also assigned the role of manning the dam remained negligent as failure to ensure that the water level as originally prescribed confirms some degree of incompetence. The gravity of the matter aforementioned is clearly also clearly confirmed by the fact that the US Bureau of Reclamation allowed water into the dam without the dam’s outlets. It suffices to point out that the US Bureau of Reclamation ought to have been aware of the dangers it had posed on the locals who were leaving downstream as the outlets had a higher propensity of being overwhelmed.Wor k Cited Anurag Srivastava, Generalized event three algorithm and software for dam safety risk analysis Utah State University 2008, < http://digitalcommons. usu. edu/cgi/viewcontent. cgi? article=1031&context=etd > Dylan McDonald, The Teton Dam Disaster, New York; Acadia Publishing, 2006. Arthur, Green, â€Å"Teton Dam Failure. †The Evaluation of Dam Safety: New York: ASCE, 2007 Sharma, Saxena, Dams: Incidents and Accidents: Washington D. C: Taylor and Francis
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